diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php
index 2043d09c6..9ed1590d2 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php
@@ -1052,6 +1052,22 @@ class Calculation extends CalculationLocale
         '>' => 0, '<' => 0, '=' => 0, '>=' => 0, '<=' => 0, '<>' => 0, //    Comparison
     ];
 
+    /** @param string[] $matches */
+    private static function unionForComma(array $matches): string
+    {
+        return $matches[2] . str_replace(',', '∪', $matches[3]);
+    }
+
+    private const UNIONABLE_COMMAS = '/(([,(]|^)\s*)' // comma or open paren or start of string, followed by optional whitespace
+        . '([(]' // open paren
+        . self::CALCULATION_REGEXP_CELLREF // cell address
+        . '(:' . self::CALCULATION_REGEXP_CELLREF . ')?' // optional range address
+        . '(\s*,\s*' // optioonal whitespace, comma, optional whitespace
+        . self::CALCULATION_REGEXP_CELLREF // cell address
+        . '(:' . self::CALCULATION_REGEXP_CELLREF . ')?' // optional range address
+        . ')+' // one or more occurrences
+        . '\s*[)])/i'; // optional whitespace, end paren
+
     /**
      * @return array<int, mixed>|false
      */
@@ -1060,6 +1076,8 @@ class Calculation extends CalculationLocale
         if (($formula = $this->convertMatrixReferences(trim($formula))) === false) {
             return false;
         }
+
+        $formula = preg_replace_callback(self::UNIONABLE_COMMAS, self::unionForComma(...), $formula) ?? $formula;
         $phpSpreadsheetFunctions = &self::getFunctionsAddress();
 
         //    If we're using cell caching, then $pCell may well be flushed back to the cache (which detaches the parent worksheet),
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Discussion1950Test.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Discussion1950Test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e1642141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Discussion1950Test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Calculation;
+
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Xlsx as XlsxReader;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class Discussion1950Test extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testMultipleUnions(): void
+    {
+        $infile = 'tests/data/Reader/Xlsx/discussion.1950.xlsx';
+        $reader = new XlsxReader();
+        $spreadsheet = $reader->load($infile);
+        $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
+        self::assertSame('=SUM((A1,A2),(B1,B2))', $sheet->getCell('A5')->getValue());
+        //$sheet->getCell('A5')->setValue('=SUM((A1∪A2)∪(B1∪B2)))');
+        self::assertSame(10, $sheet->getCell('A5')->getCalculatedValue(), 'error out so use old calculated value');
+        $spreadsheet->disconnectWorksheets();
+    }
+
+    public function testUnexpectedUnion(): void
+    {
+        // was failing in a different manner than prior test
+        $infile = 'tests/data/Reader/Xlsx/issue.4656.d.xlsx';
+        $reader = new XlsxReader();
+        $spreadsheet = $reader->load($infile);
+        $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
+        self::assertSame('=RANK(A1,(A2,A3,A4))', $sheet->getCell('A5')->getValue());
+        //$sheet->getCell('A5')->setValue('=RANK(A1,(A2∪A3∪A4))');
+        self::assertSame(2, $sheet->getCell('A5')->getCalculatedValue(), 'error out so use old calculated value');
+        $spreadsheet->disconnectWorksheets();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Chart/Issue316Test.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Chart/Issue316Test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d35757d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Chart/Issue316Test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Chart;
+
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\Chart;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\DataSeries;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\DataSeriesValues;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\Legend as ChartLegend;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\PlotArea;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Chart\Title;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Xlsx as XlsxReader;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx as XlsxWriter;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Functional\AbstractFunctional;
+
+class Issue316Test extends AbstractFunctional
+{
+    public function readCharts(XlsxReader $reader): void
+    {
+        $reader->setIncludeCharts(true);
+    }
+
+    public function writeCharts(XlsxWriter $writer): void
+    {
+        $writer->setPreCalculateFormulas(true)
+            ->setIncludeCharts(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testUnionFormula(): void
+    {
+        $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet();
+        $worksheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
+        $worksheet->fromArray([
+            ['', 2010, 2011, 2012],
+            ['Q1', 12, 15, 21],
+            ['Q2', 56, 73, 86],
+            ['Q3', 52, 61, 69],
+            ['Q4', 30, 32, 0],
+        ]);
+
+        $dataSeriesLabels = [
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_STRING, 'Worksheet!$B$1', null, 1), //    2010
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_STRING, 'Worksheet!$C$1', null, 1), //    2011
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_STRING, 'Worksheet!$D$1', null, 1), //    2012
+        ];
+
+        $xAxisTickValues = [
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_STRING, 'Worksheet!$A$2:$A$5', null, 4), //    Q1 to Q4
+        ];
+
+        $dataSeriesValues = [
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_NUMBER, '(Worksheet!$B$2,Worksheet!$B$5)', null, 4), // cell union created problem on write
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_NUMBER, 'Worksheet!$C$2:$C$5', null, 4),
+            new DataSeriesValues(DataSeriesValues::DATASERIES_TYPE_NUMBER, 'Worksheet!$D$2:$D$5', null, 4),
+        ];
+
+        //    Build the dataseries
+        $series = new DataSeries(
+            DataSeries::TYPE_BARCHART, // plotType
+            DataSeries::GROUPING_CLUSTERED, // plotGrouping
+            range(0, count($dataSeriesValues) - 1), // plotOrder
+            $dataSeriesLabels, // plotLabel
+            $xAxisTickValues, // plotCategory
+            $dataSeriesValues        // plotValues
+        );
+
+        $plotArea = new PlotArea(null, [$series]);
+        $legend = new ChartLegend(ChartLegend::POSITION_RIGHT, null, false);
+
+        $title = new Title('Test Bar Chart');
+        $yAxisLabel = new Title('Value ($k)');
+
+        //    Create the chart
+        $chart = new Chart(
+            'chart1', // name
+            $title, // title
+            $legend, // legend
+            $plotArea, // plotArea
+            true, // plotVisibleOnly
+            DataSeries::EMPTY_AS_GAP, // displayBlanksAs
+            null, // xAxisLabel
+            $yAxisLabel  // yAxisLabel
+        );
+
+        $chart->setTopLeftPosition('A7');
+        $chart->setBottomRightPosition('H20');
+
+        $worksheet->addChart($chart);
+
+        $reloadedSpreadsheet = $this->writeAndReload(
+            $spreadsheet,
+            'Xlsx',
+            $this->readCharts(...),
+            $this->writeCharts(...)
+        );
+        $spreadsheet->disconnectWorksheets();
+
+        $sheet = $reloadedSpreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
+        $charts2 = $sheet->getChartCollection();
+        self::assertCount(1, $charts2);
+        $chart2 = $charts2[0];
+        self::assertNotNull($chart2);
+        self::assertSame(
+            '(Worksheet!$B$2,Worksheet!$B$5)',
+            $chart2->getPlotArea()
+                ?->getPlotGroupByIndex(0)
+                ->getPlotValues()[0]
+                ->getDataSource()
+        );
+
+        $reloadedSpreadsheet->disconnectWorksheets();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/discussion.1950.xlsx b/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/discussion.1950.xlsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f3804475
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/discussion.1950.xlsx differ
diff --git a/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/issue.4656.d.xlsx b/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/issue.4656.d.xlsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359c543ac
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/data/Reader/XLSX/issue.4656.d.xlsx differ