Merge pull request #301 from skipperbent/v3-development

Version 3.4.5.3

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 .idea
 composer.lock
-vendor/
-demo-project/vendor
+vendor/

README.md

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ If you want a great new feature or experience any issues what-so-ever, please fe
 	- [Installation](#installation)
 		- [Setting up Apache](#setting-up-apache)
 		- [Setting up Nginx](#setting-up-nginx)
+		- [Setting up IIS](#setting-up-iis)
 		- [Configuration](#configuration)
 		- [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
 
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ If you want a great new feature or experience any issues what-so-ever, please fe
 		- [Optional parameters](#optional-parameters)
 		- [Regular expression constraints](#regular-expression-constraints)
 		- [Regular expression route-match](#regular-expression-route-match)
+		- [Custom regex for matching parameters](#custom-regex-for-matching-parameters)
 	- [Named routes](#named-routes)
 		- [Generating URLs To Named Routes](#generating-urls-to-named-routes)
 	- [Router groups](#router-groups)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ If you want a great new feature or experience any issues what-so-ever, please fe
 		- [Namespaces](#namespaces)
 		- [Subdomain-routing](#subdomain-routing)
 		- [Route prefixes](#route-prefixes)
+	- [Partial groups](#partial-groups)
 	- [Form Method Spoofing](#form-method-spoofing)
 	- [Accessing The Current Route](#accessing-the-current-route)
 	- [Other examples](#other-examples)
@@ -51,8 +54,9 @@ If you want a great new feature or experience any issues what-so-ever, please fe
 
 - [Middlewares](#middlewares)
 	- [Example](#example)
-- [ExceptionHandler](#exceptionhandler)
-	- [Example](#example-1)
+- [ExceptionHandlers](#exceptionhandlers)
+    - [Handling 404, 403 and other errors](#handling-404-403-and-other-errors)
+	- [Using custom exception handlers](#using-custom-exception-handlers)
 
 - [Urls](#urls)
  	- [Get by name (single route)](#get-by-name-single-route)
@@ -76,7 +80,6 @@ If you want a great new feature or experience any issues what-so-ever, please fe
 		- [Bootmanager: loading routes dynamically](#bootmanager-loading-routes-dynamically)
 		- [Adding routes manually](#adding-routes-manually)
 	- [Parameters](#parameters)
-        - [Custom default regex for matching parameters](#custom-default-regex-for-matching-parameters)
 	- [Extending](#extending)
 
 - [Credits](#credits)
@@ -170,6 +173,45 @@ RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-l
 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1
 ```
 
+### Setting up IIS
+
+On IIS you have to add some lines your `web.config` file in the `public` folder or create a new one. If rewriting is not working for you, please check that your IIS version have included the `url rewrite` module or download and install them from Microsoft web site.
+
+#### web.config example
+
+Below is an example of an working `web.config` file used by simple-php-router.
+
+Simply create a new `web.config` file in your projects `public` directory and paste the contents below in your newly created file. This will redirect all requests to your `index.php` file (see Configuration section below). If the `web.config` file already exists, add the `<rewrite>` section inside the `<system.webServer>` branch.
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<configuration>
+    <system.webServer>
+	<rewrite>
+	  <rules>
+		<!-- Remove slash '/' from the en of the url -->
+		<rule name="RewriteRequestsToPublic">
+		  <match url="^(.*)$" />
+		  <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">
+		  </conditions>
+		  <action type="Rewrite" url="/{R:0}" />
+		</rule>
+
+		<!-- When requested file or folder don't exists, will request again through index.php -->
+		<rule name="Imported Rule 1" stopProcessing="true">
+		  <match url="^(.*)$" ignoreCase="true" />
+		  <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll">
+			<add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" />
+			<add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" />
+		  </conditions>
+		  <action type="Rewrite" url="/index.php/{R:1}" appendQueryString="true" />
+		</rule>
+	  </rules>
+	</rewrite>
+    </system.webServer>
+</configuration>
+```
+
 ### Configuration
 
 Create a new file, name it `routes.php` and place it in your library folder. This will be the file where you define all the routes for your project.
@@ -202,12 +244,13 @@ SimpleRouter::start();
 
 ### Helper functions
 
-We recommend that you add these helper functions to your project. Theese will allow you to access functionality of the router more easily.
+We recommend that you add these helper functions to your project. These will allow you to access functionality of the router more easily.
 
-To implement the functions below, simply copy the code to a new file and require the file before initializing the router.
+To implement the functions below, simply copy the code to a new file and require the file before initializing the router or copy the `helpers.php` we've included in this library.
 
 ```php
-<?php
+use Pecee\SimpleRouter\SimpleRouter as Router;
+
 /**
  * Get url for a route by using either name/alias, class or method name.
  *
@@ -227,7 +270,7 @@ To implement the functions below, simply copy the code to a new file and require
  */
 function url($name = null, $parameters = null, $getParams = null)
 {
-    return SimpleRouter::getUrl($name, $parameters, $getParams);
+    return Router::getUrl($name, $parameters, $getParams);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -235,7 +278,7 @@ function url($name = null, $parameters = null, $getParams = null)
  */
 function response()
 {
-    return SimpleRouter::response();
+    return Router::response();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -243,15 +286,22 @@ function response()
  */
 function request()
 {
-    return SimpleRouter::request();
+    return Router::request();
 }
 
 /**
  * Get input class
- * @return \Pecee\Http\Input\Input
+ * @param string|null $index Parameter index name
+ * @param string|null $defaultValue Default return value
+ * @param string|array|null $methods Default method
+ * @return \Pecee\Http\Input\Input|string
  */
-function input()
+function input($index = null, $defaultValue = null, $methods = null)
 {
+    if ($index !== null) {
+        return request()->getInput()->get($index, $defaultValue, $methods);
+    }
+
     return request()->getInput();
 }
 
@@ -263,6 +313,20 @@ function redirect($url, $code = null)
 
     response()->redirect($url);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Get current csrf-token
+ * @return string|null
+ */
+function csrf_token()
+{
+    $baseVerifier = Router::router()->getCsrfVerifier();
+    if ($baseVerifier !== null) {
+        return $baseVerifier->getToken();
+    }
+
+    return null;
+}
 ```
 
 ---
@@ -308,7 +372,7 @@ SimpleRouter::any('foo', function() {
 });
 ```
 
-We've created a simple method which matches `GET` and `POST` which is most commenly used:
+We've created a simple method which matches `GET` and `POST` which is most commonly used:
 
 ```php
 SimpleRouter::form('foo', function() {
@@ -380,7 +444,7 @@ The example below is using the following regular expression: `/ajax/([\w]+)/?([0
 
 **Matches:** `/ajax/abc/`, `/ajax/abc/123/`
 
-**Doesn't match:** `/ajax/`
+**Won't match:** `/ajax/`
 
 Match groups specified in the regex will be passed on as parameters:
 
@@ -391,13 +455,42 @@ SimpleRouter::all('/ajax/abc/123', function($param1, $param2) {
 })->setMatch('/\/ajax\/([\w]+)\/?([0-9]+)?\/?/is');
 ```
 
+### Custom regex for matching parameters
+
+By default simple-php-router uses the `\w` regular expression when matching parameters.
+This decision was made with speed and reliability in mind, as this match will match both letters, number and most of the used symbols on the internet.
+
+However, sometimes it can be necessary to add a custom regular expression to match more advanced characters like `-` etc.
+
+Instead of adding a custom regular expression to all your parameters, you can simply add a global regular expression which will be used on all the parameters on the route.
+
+**Note:** If you the regular expression to be available across, we recommend using the global parameter on a group as demonstrated in the examples below.
+
+#### Example
+
+This example will ensure that all parameters use the `[\w\-]+` regular expression when parsing.
+
+```php
+SimpleRouter::get('/path/{parameter}', 'VideoController@home', ['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\-]+']);
+```
+
+You can also apply this setting to a group if you need multiple routes to use your custom regular expression when parsing parameters.
+
+```php
+SimpleRouter::group(['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\-]+'], function() {
+
+    SimpleRouter::get('/path/{parameter}', 'VideoController@home');
+
+});
+```
+
 ## Named routes
 
 Named routes allow the convenient generation of URLs or redirects for specific routes. You may specify a name for a route by chaining the name method onto the route definition:
 
 ```php
 SimpleRouter::get('/user/profile', function () {
-    //
+    // Your code here
 })->name('profile');
 ```
 
@@ -463,7 +556,7 @@ SimpleRouter::group(['namespace' => 'Admin'], function () {
 });
 ```
 
-### Subdomain-routing
+### Sub domain-routing
 
 Route groups may also be used to handle sub-domain routing. Sub-domains may be assigned route parameters just like route URIs, allowing you to capture a portion of the sub-domain for usage in your route or controller. The sub-domain may be specified using the `domain` key on the group attribute array:
 
@@ -487,6 +580,29 @@ SimpleRouter::group(['prefix' => '/admin'], function () {
 });
 ```
 
+## Partial groups
+
+Partial router groups has the same benefits as a normal group, but supports parameters and are only rendered once the url has matched.
+
+This can be extremely useful in situations, where you only want special routes to be added, when a certain criteria or logic has been met.
+
+**NOTE:** Use partial groups with caution as routes added within are only rendered and available once the url of the partial-group has matched. This can cause `url()` not to find urls for the routes added within.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```php
+SimpleRouter::partialGroup('/admin/{applicationId}', function ($applicationId) {
+
+    SimpleRouter::get('/', function($applicationId) {
+
+        // Matches The "/admin/applicationId" URL
+
+    });
+
+});
+```
+
+
 ## Form Method Spoofing
 
 HTML forms do not support `PUT`, `PATCH` or `DELETE` actions. So, when defining `PUT`, `PATCH` or `DELETE` routes that are called from an HTML form, you will need to add a hidden `_method` field to the form. The value sent with the `_method` field will be used as the HTTP request method:
@@ -593,6 +709,20 @@ You can get the CSRF-token by calling the helper method:
 csrf_token();
 ```
 
+The default name/key for the input-field is `csrf_token` and is defined in the `POST_KEY` constant in the `BaseCsrfVerifier` class.
+You can change the key by overwriting the constant in your own CSRF-verifier class.
+
+**Example:**
+
+The example below will post to the current url with a hidden field "`csrf_token`".
+
+```html
+<form method="post" action="<?= url(); ?>">
+    <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="<?= csrf_token(); ?>">
+    <!-- other input elements here -->
+</form>
+```
+
 ---
 
 # Middlewares
@@ -626,13 +756,30 @@ class CustomMiddleware implements Middleware {
 
 ---
 
-# ExceptionHandler
+# ExceptionHandlers
 
 ExceptionHandler are classes that handles all exceptions. ExceptionsHandlers must implement the `IExceptionHandler` interface.
 
-## Example
+## Handling 404, 403 and other errors
 
-Resource controllers can implement the `IRestController` interface, but is not required.
+If you simply want to catch a 404 (page not found) etc. you can use the `Router::error($callback)` static helper method.
+
+This will add a callback method which is fired whenever an error occurs on all routes.
+
+The basic example below simply redirect the page to `/not-found` if an `NotFoundHttpException` (404) occurred.
+The code should be placed in the file that contains your routes.
+
+```php
+Router::get('/not-found', 'PageController@notFound');
+
+Router::error(function(Request $request, \Exception $exception) {
+    if($exception instanceof NotFoundHttpException && $exception->getCode() == 404) {
+        response()->redirect('/not-found');
+    }
+});
+```
+
+## Using custom exception handlers
 
 This is a basic example of an ExceptionHandler implementation (please see "[Easily overwrite route about to be loaded](#easily-overwrite-route-about-to-be-loaded)" for examples on how to change callback).
 
@@ -650,7 +797,7 @@ class CustomExceptionHandler implements IExceptionHandler
 
 		/* You can use the exception handler to format errors depending on the request and type. */
 
-		if (stripos($request->getUri(), '/api') !== false) {
+		if (stripos($request->getUri()->getPath(), '/api') !== false) {
 
 			response()->json([
 				'error' => $error->getMessage(),
@@ -777,7 +924,7 @@ If items is grouped in the html, it will return an array of items.
 **Note:** `get` will automatically trim the value and ensure that it's not empty. If it's empty the `$defaultValue` will be returned.
 
 ```php
-$value = input()->get($index, $defaultValue, $methods);
+$value = input($index, $defaultValue, $methods);
 ```
 
 ### Get parameter object
@@ -786,11 +933,11 @@ Will return an instance of `InputItem` or `InputFile` depending on the type.
 
 You can use this in your html as it will render the value of the item.
 However if you want to compare value in your if statements, you have to use
-the `getValue` or use the `input()->get()` instead.
+the `getValue` or use the `input()` instead.
 
 If items is grouped in the html, it will return an array of items.
 
-**Note:** `getObject` will only return `$defaultValue` if the item doesn't exist. If you want `$defaultValue` to be returned if the item is empty, please use `input()->get()` instead.
+**Note:** `getObject` will only return `$defaultValue` if the item doesn't exist. If you want `$defaultValue` to be returned if the item is empty, please use `input()` instead.
 
 ```php
 $object = input()->getObject($index, $defaultValue = null, $methods = null);
@@ -807,13 +954,17 @@ $object = input()->getObject($index, $defaultValue = null, $methods = null);
  * $defaultValue is returned if the value is empty.
  */
 
-$id = input()->get($index, $defaultValue);
+$id = input()->get($index, $defaultValue, $method);
+
+# -- shortcut to above --
+
+$id = input($index, $defaultValue, $method);
 
 # -- match specific --
 
-$object = input()->get($index, $defaultValue, 'get');
-$object = input()->get($index, $defaultValue, 'post');
-$object = input()->get($index, $defaultValue, 'file');
+$object = input($index, $defaultValue, 'get');
+$object = input($index, $defaultValue, 'post');
+$object = input($index, $defaultValue, 'file');
 
 # -- or --
 
@@ -832,7 +983,7 @@ $object = input()->findFile($index, $defaultValue);
  */
 
 /* @var $image \Pecee\Http\Input\InputFile */
-foreach(input()->get('images', []) as $image)
+foreach(input('images', []) as $image)
 {
     if($image->getMime() === 'image/jpeg') {
 
@@ -878,7 +1029,7 @@ Below example requires you to have the helper functions added. Please refer to t
 
 ```php
 /* Get parameter site_id or default-value 2 from either post-value or query-string */
-$siteId = input()->get('site_id', 2, ['post', 'get']);
+$siteId = input('site_id', 2, ['post', 'get']);
 ```
 
 ---
@@ -1031,7 +1182,7 @@ class CustomRouterRules implement IRouterBootManager {
 
             // If the current uri matches the url, we use our custom route
 
-            if($request->getUri() === $url) {
+            if($request->getUri()->getPath() === $url) {
                 $request->setRewriteUrl($rule);
                 return $request;
             }
@@ -1072,7 +1223,7 @@ $route = new RouteUrl('/answer/1', function() {
 
 });
 
-$route->setMiddleware(\Demo\Middlewares\AuthMiddleware::class);
+$route->addMiddleware(\Demo\Middlewares\AuthMiddleware::class);
 $route->setNamespace('\Demo\Controllers');
 $route->setPrefix('v1');
 
@@ -1084,35 +1235,6 @@ $router->addRoute($route);
 
 This section contains advanced tips & tricks on extending the usage for parameters.
 
-### Custom default regex for matching parameters
-
-By default simple-php-router uses the `\w` regular expression when matching parameters. 
-This decision was made with speed and reliability in mind, as this match will match both letters, number and most of the used symbols on the internet.
-
-However, sometimes it can be nessesary to add a custom regular expression to match more advanced characters like `-` etc. 
-
-Instead of adding a custom regular expression to all your parameters, you can simply add a global regular expression which will be used on all the parameters on the route. 
-
-**Note:** If you the regular expression to be available across, we recommend using the global parameter on a group as demonstrated in the examples below.
-
-#### Route
-
-This example will ensure that all parameters use the `[\w\-]+` regular expression when parsing.
-
-```php
-SimpleRouter::get('/path/{parameter}', 'VideoController@home', ['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\-]+']);
-```
-
-You can also apply this setting to a group if you need multiple routes to use your custom regular expression when parsing parameters.
-
-```php
-SimpleRouter::group(['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\-]+'], function() {
-
-    SimpleRouter::get('/path/{parameter}', 'VideoController@home');
-
-});
-```
-
 ## Extending
 
 This is a simple example of an integration into a framework.

composer.json

@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@
   "name": "pecee/simple-router",
   "description": "Simple, fast PHP router that is easy to get integrated and in almost any project. Heavily inspired by the Laravel router.",
   "keywords": [
+    "router",
     "router",
     "routing",
+    "route",
+    "simple-php-router",
     "laravel",
     "pecee",
-    "route"
+    "php"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "support": {

helpers.php

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<?php
+
+use Pecee\SimpleRouter\SimpleRouter as Router;
+
+/**
+ * Get url for a route by using either name/alias, class or method name.
+ *
+ * The name parameter supports the following values:
+ * - Route name
+ * - Controller/resource name (with or without method)
+ * - Controller class name
+ *
+ * When searching for controller/resource by name, you can use this syntax "route.name@method".
+ * You can also use the same syntax when searching for a specific controller-class "MyController@home".
+ * If no arguments is specified, it will return the url for the current loaded route.
+ *
+ * @param string|null $name
+ * @param string|array|null $parameters
+ * @param array|null $getParams
+ * @return string
+ */
+function url($name = null, $parameters = null, $getParams = null)
+{
+    return Router::getUrl($name, $parameters, $getParams);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return \Pecee\Http\Response
+ */
+function response()
+{
+    return Router::response();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return \Pecee\Http\Request
+ */
+function request()
+{
+    return Router::request();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get input class
+ * @param string|null $index Parameter index name
+ * @param string|null $defaultValue Default return value
+ * @param string|array|null $methods Default method
+ * @return \Pecee\Http\Input\Input|string
+ */
+function input($index = null, $defaultValue = null, $methods = null)
+{
+    if ($index !== null) {
+        return request()->getInput()->get($index, $defaultValue, $methods);
+    }
+
+    return request()->getInput();
+}
+
+function redirect($url, $code = null)
+{
+    if ($code !== null) {
+        response()->httpCode($code);
+    }
+
+    response()->redirect($url);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get current csrf-token
+ * @return string|null
+ */
+function csrf_token()
+{
+    $baseVerifier = Router::router()->getCsrfVerifier();
+    if ($baseVerifier !== null) {
+        return $baseVerifier->getToken();
+    }
+
+    return null;
+}

src/Pecee/CsrfToken.php

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace Pecee;
 
 class CsrfToken
 {
-    const CSRF_KEY = 'XSRF-TOKEN';
+    const CSRF_KEY = 'CSRF-TOKEN';
 
     protected $token;
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class CsrfToken
      */
     public function getToken()
     {
-        if ($this->hasToken()) {
+        if ($this->hasToken() === true) {
             return $_COOKIE[static::CSRF_KEY];
         }
 

src/Pecee/Handlers/CallbackExceptionHandler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Pecee\Handlers;
+
+use Pecee\Http\Request;
+
+/**
+ * Class CallbackExceptionHandler
+ *
+ * Class is used to create callbacks which are fired when an exception is reached.
+ * This allows for easy handling 404-exception etc. without creating an custom ExceptionHandler.
+ *
+ * @package Pecee\Handlers
+ */
+class CallbackExceptionHandler implements IExceptionHandler
+{
+
+    protected $callback;
+
+    public function __construct(\Closure $callback)
+    {
+        $this->callback = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Request $request
+     * @param \Exception $error
+     * @return Request|null
+     */
+    public function handleError(Request $request, \Exception $error)
+    {
+        /* Fire exceptions */
+        return call_user_func($this->callback,
+            $request,
+            $error
+        );
+    }
+}

src/Pecee/Http/Input/Input.php

@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ class Input
 
                 $file = InputFile::createFromArray([
                     'index'    => $key,
+                    'filename' => $getItem($key),
                     'error'    => $getItem($key, 'error'),
                     'tmp_name' => $getItem($key, 'tmp_name'),
                     'type'     => $getItem($key, 'type'),
                     'size'     => $getItem($key, 'size'),
-                    'filename' => $getItem($key, 'name'),
                 ]);
 
                 if (isset($output[$key])) {
@@ -283,15 +283,7 @@ class Input
             }
         }
 
-        $output = array_merge($_GET, $output);
-
-        if ($filter !== null) {
-            $output = array_filter($output, function ($key) use ($filter) {
-                return (in_array($key, $filter) === true);
-            }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
-        }
-
-        return $output;
+        return ($filter !== null) ? array_intersect_key($output, array_flip($filter)) : array_merge($_GET, $output);
     }
 
 }

src/Pecee/Http/Middleware/BaseCsrfVerifier.php

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\Http\Middleware;
 
 use Pecee\CsrfToken;
@@ -41,9 +42,9 @@ class BaseCsrfVerifier implements IMiddleware
             $url = rtrim($url, '/');
             if ($url[strlen($url) - 1] === '*') {
                 $url = rtrim($url, '*');
-                $skip = (stripos($request->getUri(), $url) === 0);
+                $skip = (stripos($request->getUri()->getPath(), $url) === 0);
             } else {
-                $skip = ($url === rtrim($request->getUri(), '/'));
+                $skip = ($url === $request->getUri()->getPath());
             }
 
             if ($skip === true) {

src/Pecee/Http/Request.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use Pecee\SimpleRouter\SimpleRouter;
 
 class Request
 {
-    protected $data = [];
+    private $data = [];
     protected $headers;
     protected $host;
     protected $uri;
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ class Request
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->parseHeaders();
-        $this->host = $this->getHeader('http-host');
-        $this->uri = $this->getHeader('request-uri');
+        $this->setHost($this->getHeader('http-host'));
+
+        // Check if special IIS header exist, otherwise use default.
+        $this->setUri(new Uri($this->getHeader('unencoded-url', $this->getHeader('request-uri'))));
+
         $this->input = new Input($this);
         $this->method = strtolower($this->input->get('_method', $this->getHeader('request-method'), 'post'));
     }
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ class Request
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return string
+     * @return Uri
      */
     public function getUri()
     {
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ class Request
      */
     public function getHeader($name, $defaultValue = null)
     {
-        if (isset($this->headers[strtolower($name)])) {
+        if (array_key_exists(strtolower($name), $this->headers) === true) {
             return $this->headers[strtolower($name)];
         }
 
@@ -215,9 +218,9 @@ class Request
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param string $uri
+     * @param Uri $uri
      */
-    public function setUri($uri)
+    public function setUri(Uri $uri)
     {
         $this->uri = $uri;
     }

src/Pecee/Http/Response.php

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\Http;
 
 class Response
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class Response
 
     public function refresh()
     {
-        $this->redirect($this->request->getUri());
+        $this->redirect($this->request->getUri()->getPath());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -82,14 +83,19 @@ class Response
     }
 
     /**
-     * Json encode array
-     * @param array $value
+     * Json encode
+     * @param array|\JsonSerializable $value
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException;
      */
-    public function json(array $value)
+    public function json($value)
     {
-        $this->header('Content-Type: application/json');
+        if (($value instanceof \JsonSerializable) === false && is_array($value) === false) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid type for parameter "value". Must be of type array or object implementing the \JsonSerializable interface.');
+        }
+
+        $this->header('Content-type: application/json');
         echo json_encode($value);
-        die();
+        exit(0);
     }
 
     /**

src/Pecee/Http/Uri.php

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Pecee\Http;
+
+class Uri
+{
+    private $originalUrl;
+    private $data = [
+        'scheme',
+        'host',
+        'port',
+        'user',
+        'pass',
+        'path',
+        'query',
+        'fragment',
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct($url)
+    {
+        $this->originalUrl = $url;
+        $this->data = array_merge($this->data, $this->parseUrl(urldecode($url)));
+
+        if (isset($this->data['path']) === true && $this->data['path'] !== '/') {
+            $this->data['path'] = rtrim($this->data['path'], '/') . '/';
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if url is using a secure protocol like https
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function isSecure()
+    {
+        return (strtolower($this->getScheme()) === 'https');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if url is relative
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function isRelative()
+    {
+        return ($this->getHost() === null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get url scheme
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getScheme()
+    {
+        return $this->data['scheme'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get url host
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getHost()
+    {
+        return $this->data['host'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get url port
+     * @return int|null
+     */
+    public function getPort()
+    {
+        return ($this->data['port'] !== null) ? (int)$this->data['port'] : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse username from url
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getUserName()
+    {
+        return $this->data['user'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse password from url
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getPassword()
+    {
+        return $this->data['pass'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get path from url
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getPath()
+    {
+        return $this->data['path'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get querystring from url
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getQueryString()
+    {
+        return $this->data['query'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get fragment from url (everything after #)
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getFragment()
+    {
+        return $this->data['fragment'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getOriginalUrl()
+    {
+        return $this->originalUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * UTF-8 aware parse_url() replacement.
+     * @param string $url
+     * @param int $component
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function parseUrl($url, $component = -1)
+    {
+        $encodedUrl = preg_replace_callback(
+            '%[^:/@?&=#]+%u',
+            function ($matches) {
+                return urlencode($matches[0]);
+            },
+            $url
+        );
+
+        $parts = parse_url($encodedUrl, $component);
+
+        if ($parts === false) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Malformed URL: ' . $url);
+        }
+
+        foreach ((array)$parts as $name => $value) {
+            $parts[$name] = urldecode($value);
+        }
+
+        return $parts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns data array with information about the url
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getData()
+    {
+        return $this->data;
+    }
+
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        return $this->getOriginalUrl();
+    }
+
+}

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/IGroupRoute.php

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
 
+use Pecee\Handlers\IExceptionHandler;
 use Pecee\Http\Request;
 
 interface IGroupRoute extends IRoute
@@ -13,6 +15,14 @@ interface IGroupRoute extends IRoute
      */
     public function matchDomain(Request $request);
 
+    /**
+     * Add exception handler
+     *
+     * @param IExceptionHandler|string $handler
+     * @return static $this;
+     */
+    public function addExceptionHandler($handler);
+
     /**
      * Set exception-handlers for group
      *

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/IPartialGroupRoute.php

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
+
+interface IPartialGroupRoute
+{
+
+}

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/IRoute.php

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
 
 use Pecee\Http\Request;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ interface IRoute
      *
      * @param Request $request
      * @throws \Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\NotFoundHttpException
-     * @return void
+     * @return string
      */
     public function renderRoute(Request $request);
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ interface IRoute
      * @param string $middleware
      * @return static
      */
-    public function setMiddleware($middleware);
+    public function addMiddleware($middleware);
 
     /**
      * Set middlewares array

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/LoadableRoute.php

@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
 
                 $middleware = $this->getMiddlewares()[$i];
 
-                $middleware = $this->loadClass($middleware);
+                if (is_object($middleware) === false) {
+                    $middleware = $this->loadClass($middleware);
+                }
 
                 if (($middleware instanceof IMiddleware) === false) {
-                    throw new HttpException($middleware . ' must be instance of Middleware');
+                    throw new HttpException($middleware . ' must be inherit the IMiddleware interface');
                 }
 
                 $middleware->handle($request);
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
 
             $regex = sprintf(static::PARAMETERS_REGEX_FORMAT, $this->paramModifiers[0], $this->paramOptionalSymbol, $this->paramModifiers[1]);
 
-            if (preg_match_all('/' . $regex . '/', $this->url, $matches)) {
+            if (preg_match_all('/' . $regex . '/u', $this->url, $matches)) {
                 $this->parameters = array_fill_keys($matches[1], null);
             }
         }
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
      * Used when calling the url() helper.
      *
      * @param string|null $method
-     * @param array|null $parameters
+     * @param string|array|null $parameters
      * @param string|null $name
      * @return string
      */
@@ -98,8 +100,10 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
     {
         $url = $this->getUrl();
 
-        if ($this->getGroup() !== null && count($this->getGroup()->getDomains()) > 0) {
-            $url = '//' . $this->getGroup()->getDomains()[0] . $url;
+        $group = $this->getGroup();
+
+        if ($group !== null && count($group->getDomains()) > 0) {
+            $url = '//' . $group->getDomains()[0] . $url;
         }
 
         /* Contains parameters that aren't recognized and will be appended at the end of the url */
@@ -119,11 +123,17 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
 
         for ($i = $max; $i >= 0; $i--) {
             $param = $keys[$i];
-            $value = $value = ($parameters !== null && array_key_exists($param, $parameters)) ? $parameters[$param] : $params[$param];
 
-            /* If parameter is specifically set to null - use the original-defined value */
-            if ($value === null && isset($this->originalParameters[$param])) {
-                $value = $this->originalParameters[$param];
+            if ($parameters === '' || (is_array($parameters) && count($parameters) === 0)) {
+                $value = '';
+            } else {
+                $p = (array)$parameters;
+                $value = array_key_exists($param, $p) ? $p[$param] : $params[$param];
+
+                /* If parameter is specifically set to null - use the original-defined value */
+                if ($value === null && isset($this->originalParameters[$param])) {
+                    $value = $this->originalParameters[$param];
+                }
             }
 
             if (stripos($url, $param1) !== false || stripos($url, $param) !== false) {
@@ -134,6 +144,7 @@ abstract class LoadableRoute extends Route implements ILoadableRoute
             }
         }
 
+        $url = '/' . ltrim($url, '/');
         $url .= join('/', $unknownParams);
 
         return rtrim($url, '/') . '/';

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/Route.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
 
+use Pecee\Http\Middleware\IMiddleware;
 use Pecee\Http\Request;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\NotFoundHttpException;
 
@@ -33,9 +34,15 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
      * @var bool
      */
     protected $filterEmptyParams = false;
-    protected $defaultParameterRegex = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Default regular expression used for parsing parameters.
+     * @var string|null
+     */
+    protected $defaultParameterRegex;
     protected $paramModifiers = '{}';
     protected $paramOptionalSymbol = '?';
+    protected $urlRegex = '/^%s\/?$/u';
     protected $group;
     protected $parent;
     protected $callback;
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
     protected function loadClass($name)
     {
         if (class_exists($name) === false) {
-            throw new NotFoundHttpException(sprintf('Class %s does not exist', $name), 404);
+            throw new NotFoundHttpException(sprintf('Class "%s" does not exist', $name), 404);
         }
 
         return new $name();
@@ -62,39 +69,43 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
     {
         $callback = $this->getCallback();
 
-        if ($callback !== null && is_callable($callback)) {
+        if ($callback === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /* Render callback function */
+        if (is_callable($callback) === true) {
 
             /* When the callback is a function */
-            call_user_func_array($callback, $this->getParameters());
+            return call_user_func_array($callback, $this->getParameters());
 
-        } else {
-
-            /* When the callback is a method */
-            $controller = explode('@', $callback);
-
-            $namespace = $this->getNamespace();
-
-            $className = ($namespace !== null && $controller[0][0] !== '\\') ? $namespace . '\\' . $controller[0] : $controller[0];
-
-            $class = $this->loadClass($className);
-            $method = $controller[1];
-
-            if (method_exists($class, $method) === false) {
-                throw new NotFoundHttpException(sprintf('Method %s does not exist in class %s', $method, $className), 404);
-            }
-
-            $parameters = $this->getParameters();
-
-            /* Filter parameters with null-value */
-
-            if ($this->filterEmptyParams === true) {
-                $parameters = array_filter($parameters, function ($var) {
-                    return ($var !== null);
-                });
-            }
-
-            call_user_func_array([$class, $method], $parameters);
         }
+
+        /* When the callback is a class + method */
+        $controller = explode('@', $callback);
+
+        $namespace = $this->getNamespace();
+
+        $className = ($namespace !== null && $controller[0][0] !== '\\') ? $namespace . '\\' . $controller[0] : $controller[0];
+
+        $class = $this->loadClass($className);
+        $method = $controller[1];
+
+        if (method_exists($class, $method) === false) {
+            throw new NotFoundHttpException(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist in class "%s"', $method, $className), 404);
+        }
+
+        $parameters = $this->getParameters();
+
+        /* Filter parameters with null-value */
+
+        if ($this->filterEmptyParams === true) {
+            $parameters = array_filter($parameters, function ($var) {
+                return ($var !== null);
+            });
+        }
+
+        return call_user_func_array([$class, $method], $parameters);
     }
 
     protected function parseParameters($route, $url, $parameterRegex = null)
@@ -103,7 +114,10 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
 
         $parameters = [];
 
-        if (preg_match_all('/' . $regex . '/', $route, $parameters)) {
+        // Ensures that hostnames/domains will work with parameters
+        $url = '/' . ltrim($url, '/');
+
+        if (preg_match_all('/' . $regex . '/u', $route, $parameters)) {
 
             $urlParts = preg_split('/((\-?\/?)\{[^}]+\})/', rtrim($route, '/'));
 
@@ -128,7 +142,7 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
                         }
                     }
 
-                    $regex = sprintf('\-?\/?(?P<%s>%s)', $name, $regex) . $parameters[2][$key];
+                    $regex = sprintf('(?:\/|\-)%1$s(?P<%2$s>%3$s)%1$s', $parameters[2][$key], $name, $regex);
 
                 }
 
@@ -141,14 +155,14 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
             $urlRegex = preg_quote($route, '/');
         }
 
-        if (preg_match('/^' . $urlRegex . '(\/?)$/', $url, $matches) > 0) {
+        if (preg_match(sprintf($this->urlRegex, $urlRegex), $url, $matches) > 0) {
 
             $values = [];
 
             if (isset($parameters[1]) === true) {
 
                 /* Only take matched parameters with name */
-                foreach ($parameters[1] as $name) {
+                foreach ((array)$parameters[1] as $name) {
                     $values[$name] = (isset($matches[$name]) && $matches[$name] !== '') ? $matches[$name] : null;
                 }
             }
@@ -168,7 +182,7 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
      */
     public function getIdentifier()
     {
-        if (strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
+        if (is_string($this->callback) === true && strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
             return $this->callback;
         }
 
@@ -265,7 +279,7 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
 
     public function getMethod()
     {
-        if (strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
+        if (is_string($this->callback) === true && strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
             $tmp = explode('@', $this->callback);
 
             return $tmp[1];
@@ -276,7 +290,7 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
 
     public function getClass()
     {
-        if (strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
+        if (is_string($this->callback) === true && strpos($this->callback, '@') !== false) {
             $tmp = explode('@', $this->callback);
 
             return $tmp[0];
@@ -478,9 +492,10 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set middleware class-name
+     * Add middleware class-name
      *
-     * @param string $middleware
+     * @deprecated This method is deprecated and will be removed in the near future.
+     * @param IMiddleware|string $middleware
      * @return static
      */
     public function setMiddleware($middleware)
@@ -490,6 +505,19 @@ abstract class Route implements IRoute
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Add middleware class-name
+     *
+     * @param IMiddleware|string $middleware
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public function addMiddleware($middleware)
+    {
+        $this->middlewares[] = $middleware;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set middlewares array
      *

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/RouteController.php

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class RouteController extends LoadableRoute implements IControllerRoute
         if (strpos($name, '.') !== false) {
             $found = array_search(substr($name, strrpos($name, '.') + 1), $this->names, false);
             if ($found !== false) {
-                $method = $found;
+                $method = (string)$found;
             }
         }
 
@@ -74,8 +74,10 @@ class RouteController extends LoadableRoute implements IControllerRoute
             $method .= '/';
         }
 
-        if ($this->getGroup() !== null && count($this->getGroup()->getDomains()) > 0) {
-            $url .= '//' . $this->getGroup()->getDomains()[0];
+        $group = $this->getGroup();
+
+        if ($group !== null && count($group->getDomains()) > 0) {
+            $url .= '//' . $group->getDomains()[0];
         }
 
         $url .= '/' . trim($this->getUrl(), '/') . '/' . strtolower($method) . join('/', $parameters);
@@ -85,9 +87,6 @@ class RouteController extends LoadableRoute implements IControllerRoute
 
     public function matchRoute($url, Request $request)
     {
-        $url = parse_url(urldecode($url), PHP_URL_PATH);
-        $url = rtrim($url, '/') . '/';
-
         /* Match global regular-expression for route */
         $regexMatch = $this->matchRegex($request, $url);
 

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/RouteGroup.php

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
 
+use Pecee\Handlers\IExceptionHandler;
 use Pecee\Http\Request;
 
 class RouteGroup extends Route implements IGroupRoute
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ class RouteGroup extends Route implements IGroupRoute
      */
     public function matchDomain(Request $request)
     {
-        if (count($this->domains) === 0) {
+        if ($this->domains === null || count($this->domains) === 0) {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -54,6 +56,19 @@ class RouteGroup extends Route implements IGroupRoute
         return $this->matchDomain($request);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Add exception handler
+     *
+     * @param IExceptionHandler|string $handler
+     * @return static $this
+     */
+    public function addExceptionHandler($handler)
+    {
+        $this->exceptionHandlers[] = $handler;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set exception-handlers for group
      *
@@ -135,11 +150,11 @@ class RouteGroup extends Route implements IGroupRoute
             $this->setPrefix($values['prefix'] . $this->prefix);
         }
 
-        if (isset($values['exceptionHandler'])) {
+        if ($merge === false && isset($values['exceptionHandler'])) {
             $this->setExceptionHandlers((array)$values['exceptionHandler']);
         }
 
-        if (isset($values['domain'])) {
+        if ($merge === false && isset($values['domain'])) {
             $this->setDomains((array)$values['domain']);
         }
 

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/RoutePartialGroup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route;
+
+use Pecee\Http\Request;
+
+class RoutePartialGroup extends RouteGroup implements IPartialGroupRoute
+{
+    protected $urlRegex = '/^%s\/?/u';
+
+    /**
+     * Method called to check if route matches
+     *
+     * @param string $url
+     * @param Request $request
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function matchRoute($url, Request $request)
+    {
+        if ($this->prefix !== null) {
+            /* Parse parameters from current route */
+            $parameters = $this->parseParameters($this->prefix, $url);
+
+            /* If no custom regular expression or parameters was found on this route, we stop */
+            if ($parameters === null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            /* Set the parameters */
+            $this->setParameters((array)$parameters);
+        }
+
+        return $this->matchDomain($request);
+    }
+
+}

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/RouteResource.php

@@ -79,9 +79,6 @@ class RouteResource extends LoadableRoute implements IControllerRoute
 
     public function matchRoute($url, Request $request)
     {
-        $url = parse_url(urldecode($url), PHP_URL_PATH);
-        $url = rtrim($url, '/') . '/';
-
         /* Match global regular-expression for route */
         $regexMatch = $this->matchRegex($request, $url);
 

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Route/RouteUrl.php

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ class RouteUrl extends LoadableRoute
 
     public function matchRoute($url, Request $request)
     {
-        $url = parse_url(urldecode($url), PHP_URL_PATH);
-        $url = rtrim($url, '/') . '/';
-
         /* Match global regular-expression for route */
         $regexMatch = $this->matchRegex($request, $url);
 

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/Router.php

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <?php
+
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter;
 
 use Pecee\Handlers\IExceptionHandler;
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\NotFoundHttpException;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\IControllerRoute;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\IGroupRoute;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\ILoadableRoute;
+use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\IPartialGroupRoute;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\IRoute;
 
 class Router
@@ -121,41 +123,13 @@ class Router
 
         $exceptionHandlers = [];
 
-        $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri();
+        $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri()->getPath();
 
         /* @var $route IRoute */
         for ($i = $max; $i >= 0; $i--) {
 
             $route = $routes[$i];
 
-            /* @var $route IGroupRoute */
-            if ($route instanceof IGroupRoute) {
-
-                $group = $route;
-
-                if ($route->getCallback() !== null && is_callable($route->getCallback())) {
-
-                    $this->processingRoute = true;
-                    $route->renderRoute($this->request);
-                    $this->processingRoute = false;
-
-                    if ($route->matchRoute($url, $this->request) === true) {
-
-                        /* Add exception handlers */
-                        if (count($route->getExceptionHandlers()) > 0) {
-                            $exceptionHandlers += $route->getExceptionHandlers();
-                        }
-
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if ($group !== null) {
-
-                /* Add the parent group */
-                $route->setGroup($group);
-            }
-
             if ($parent !== null) {
 
                 /* Add the parent route */
@@ -166,6 +140,41 @@ class Router
 
             }
 
+            if ($group !== null) {
+
+                /* Add the parent group */
+                $route->setGroup($group);
+            }
+
+            /* @var $route IGroupRoute */
+            if ($route instanceof IGroupRoute) {
+
+                $group = $route;
+
+                if ($route->matchRoute($url, $this->request) === true) {
+
+                    /* Add exception handlers */
+                    if (count($route->getExceptionHandlers()) > 0) {
+                        /** @noinspection AdditionOperationOnArraysInspection */
+                        $exceptionHandlers += $route->getExceptionHandlers();
+                    }
+
+                    /* Only render partial group if it matches */
+                    if ($route instanceof IPartialGroupRoute) {
+                        $this->processingRoute = true;
+                        $route->renderRoute($this->request);
+                        $this->processingRoute = false;
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                if (($route instanceof IPartialGroupRoute) === false) {
+                    $this->processingRoute = true;
+                    $route->renderRoute($this->request);
+                    $this->processingRoute = false;
+                }
+            }
+
             if ($route instanceof ILoadableRoute) {
 
                 /* Add the route to the map, so we can find the active one when all routes has been loaded */
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ class Router
             }
         }
 
-        $this->exceptionHandlers = array_unique(array_merge($exceptionHandlers, $this->exceptionHandlers));
+        $this->exceptionHandlers = array_merge($exceptionHandlers, $this->exceptionHandlers);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ class Router
                 }
             }
 
-            $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri();
+            $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri()->getPath();
 
             $max = count($this->processedRoutes) - 1;
 
@@ -249,9 +258,8 @@ class Router
 
                     if ($rewriteRoute !== null) {
                         $rewriteRoute->loadMiddleware($this->request);
-                        $rewriteRoute->renderRoute($this->request);
 
-                        return;
+                        return $rewriteRoute->renderRoute($this->request);
                     }
 
                     /* If the request has changed */
@@ -260,17 +268,15 @@ class Router
                     if ($rewriteUrl !== null && $rewriteUrl !== $url) {
                         unset($this->processedRoutes[$i]);
                         $this->processedRoutes = array_values($this->processedRoutes);
-                        $this->routeRequest(true);
 
-                        return;
+                        return $this->routeRequest(true);
                     }
 
                     /* Render route */
                     $routeNotAllowed = false;
                     $this->request->setLoadedRoute($route);
-                    $route->renderRoute($this->request);
 
-                    break;
+                    return $route->renderRoute($this->request);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -279,17 +285,35 @@ class Router
         }
 
         if ($routeNotAllowed === true) {
-            $this->handleException(new HttpException('Route or method not allowed', 403));
+			$message = sprintf('Route "%s" or method "%s" not allowed.', $this->request->getUri()->getPath(), $this->request->getMethod());
+            $this->handleException(new HttpException($message, 403));
         }
 
         if ($this->request->getLoadedRoute() === null) {
-            $this->handleException(new NotFoundHttpException('Route not found: ' . $this->request->getUri(), 404));
+
+            $rewriteUrl = $this->request->getRewriteUrl();
+
+            if ($rewriteUrl !== null) {
+                $message = sprintf('Route not found: "%s" (rewrite from: "%s")', $rewriteUrl, $this->request->getUri()->getPath());
+            } else {
+                $message = sprintf('Route not found: "%s"', $this->request->getUri()->getPath());
+            }
+
+            $this->handleException(new NotFoundHttpException($message, 404));
         }
+
+        return null;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param \Exception $e
+     * @throws HttpException
+     * @throws \Exception
+     * @return string
+     */
     protected function handleException(\Exception $e)
     {
-        $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri();
+        $url = ($this->request->getRewriteUrl() !== null) ? $this->request->getRewriteUrl() : $this->request->getUri()->getPath();
 
         $max = count($this->exceptionHandlers);
 
@@ -297,33 +321,40 @@ class Router
         for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
 
             $handler = $this->exceptionHandlers[$i];
-            $handler = new $handler();
+
+            if (is_object($handler) === false) {
+                $handler = new $handler();
+            }
 
             if (($handler instanceof IExceptionHandler) === false) {
                 throw new HttpException('Exception handler must implement the IExceptionHandler interface.', 500);
             }
 
-            if ($handler->handleError($this->request, $e) !== null) {
+            try {
 
-                $rewriteRoute = $this->request->getRewriteRoute();
+                if ($handler->handleError($this->request, $e) !== null) {
 
-                if ($rewriteRoute !== null) {
-                    $rewriteRoute->loadMiddleware($this->request);
-                    $rewriteRoute->renderRoute($this->request);
+                    $rewriteRoute = $this->request->getRewriteRoute();
 
-                    return;
+                    if ($rewriteRoute !== null) {
+                        $rewriteRoute->loadMiddleware($this->request);
+
+                        return $rewriteRoute->renderRoute($this->request);
+                    }
+
+                    $rewriteUrl = $this->request->getRewriteUrl();
+
+                    /* If the request has changed */
+                    if ($rewriteUrl !== null && $rewriteUrl !== $url) {
+                        unset($this->exceptionHandlers[$i]);
+                        $this->exceptionHandlers = array_values($this->exceptionHandlers);
+
+                        return $this->routeRequest(true);
+                    }
                 }
 
-                $rewriteUrl = $this->request->getRewriteUrl();
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
 
-                /* If the request has changed */
-                if ($rewriteUrl !== null && $rewriteUrl !== $url) {
-                    unset($this->exceptionHandlers[$i]);
-                    $this->exceptionHandlers = array_values($this->exceptionHandlers);
-                    $this->routeRequest(true);
-
-                    return;
-                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -372,7 +403,7 @@ class Router
             }
 
             /* Using @ is most definitely a controller@method or alias@method */
-            if (strpos($name, '@') !== false) {
+            if (is_string($name) === true && strpos($name, '@') !== false) {
                 list($controller, $method) = array_map('strtolower', explode('@', $name));
 
                 if ($controller === strtolower($route->getClass()) && $method === strtolower($route->getMethod())) {
@@ -381,7 +412,7 @@ class Router
             }
 
             /* Check if callback matches (if it's not a function) */
-            if (strpos($name, '@') !== false && strpos($route->getCallback(), '@') !== false && !is_callable($route->getCallback())) {
+            if (is_string($name) === true && is_string($route->getCallback()) && strpos($name, '@') !== false && strpos($route->getCallback(), '@') !== false && is_callable($route->getCallback()) === false) {
 
                 /* Check if the entire callback is matching */
                 if (strpos($route->getCallback(), $name) === 0 || strtolower($route->getCallback()) === strtolower($name)) {
@@ -422,6 +453,10 @@ class Router
             throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid type for getParams. Must be array or null');
         }
 
+        if ($name === '' && $parameters === '') {
+            return '/';
+        }
+
         /* Only merge $_GET when all parameters are null */
         if ($name === null && $parameters === null && $getParams === null) {
             $getParams = $_GET;
@@ -431,9 +466,7 @@ class Router
 
         /* Return current route if no options has been specified */
         if ($name === null && $parameters === null) {
-            $url = rtrim(parse_url($this->request->getUri(), PHP_URL_PATH), '/');
-
-            return (($url === '') ? '/' : $url . '/') . $this->arrayToParams($getParams);
+            return $this->request->getUri()->getPath() . $this->arrayToParams($getParams);
         }
 
         $loadedRoute = $this->request->getLoadedRoute();
@@ -451,7 +484,7 @@ class Router
         }
 
         /* Using @ is most definitely a controller@method or alias@method */
-        if (strpos($name, '@') !== false) {
+        if (is_string($name) === true && strpos($name, '@') !== false) {
             list($controller, $method) = explode('@', $name);
 
             /* Loop through all the routes to see if we can find a match */
@@ -517,6 +550,19 @@ class Router
         return $this->routes;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set routes
+     *
+     * @param array $routes
+     * @return static $this
+     */
+    public function setRoutes(array $routes)
+    {
+        $this->routes = $routes;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get current request
      *
@@ -549,4 +595,4 @@ class Router
         return $this;
     }
 
-}
+}

src/Pecee/SimpleRouter/SimpleRouter.php

@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@
  * This class is added so calls can be made statically like Router::get() making the code look pretty.
  * It also adds some extra functionality like default-namespace.
  */
+
 namespace Pecee\SimpleRouter;
 
+use Pecee\Handlers\CallbackExceptionHandler;
 use Pecee\Http\Middleware\BaseCsrfVerifier;
 use Pecee\Http\Response;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\HttpException;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\NotFoundHttpException;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\IRoute;
+use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\RoutePartialGroup;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\RouteController;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\RouteGroup;
 use Pecee\SimpleRouter\Route\RouteResource;
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ class SimpleRouter
      */
     public static function start()
     {
-        static::router()->routeRequest();
+        echo static::router()->routeRequest();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -169,14 +172,41 @@ class SimpleRouter
      */
     public static function group(array $settings = [], \Closure $callback)
     {
+        if (is_callable($callback) === false) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid callback provided. Only functions or methods supported');
+        }
+
         $group = new RouteGroup();
         $group->setCallback($callback);
         $group->setSettings($settings);
 
+        static::router()->addRoute($group);
+
+        return $group;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Special group that has the same benefits as group but supports
+     * parameters and which are only rendered when the url matches.
+     *
+     * @param string $url
+     * @param array $settings
+     * @param \Closure $callback
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
+     * @return RoutePartialGroup
+     */
+    public static function partialGroup($url, \Closure $callback, array $settings = [])
+    {
         if (is_callable($callback) === false) {
             throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid callback provided. Only functions or methods supported');
         }
 
+        $settings['prefix'] = $url;
+
+        $group = new RoutePartialGroup();
+        $group->setSettings($settings);
+        $group->setCallback($callback);
+
         static::router()->addRoute($group);
 
         return $group;
@@ -301,6 +331,28 @@ class SimpleRouter
         return $route;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Add exception callback handler.
+     *
+     * @param \Closure $callback
+     * @return CallbackExceptionHandler $callbackHandler
+     */
+    public static function error(\Closure $callback)
+    {
+        $routes = static::router()->getRoutes();
+
+        $callbackHandler = new CallbackExceptionHandler($callback);
+
+        $group = new RouteGroup();
+        $group->addExceptionHandler($callbackHandler);
+
+        array_unshift($routes, $group);
+
+        static::router()->setRoutes($routes);
+
+        return $callbackHandler;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get url for a route by using either name/alias, class or method name.
      *
@@ -355,7 +407,7 @@ class SimpleRouter
      */
     public static function router()
     {
-        if(static::$router === null) {
+        if (static::$router === null) {
             static::$router = new Router();
         }
 

test/Dummy/Handler/ExceptionHandlerFirst.php

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class ExceptionHandlerFirst implements \Pecee\Handlers\IExceptionHandler
 	    global $stack;
 	    $stack[] = static::class;
 
-		$request->setUri('/');
+		$request->setUri(new \Pecee\Http\Uri('/'));
 		return $request;
 	}
 

test/Dummy/Handler/ExceptionHandlerSecond.php

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class ExceptionHandlerSecond implements \Pecee\Handlers\IExceptionHandler
         global $stack;
         $stack[] = static::class;
 
-        $request->setUri('/');
+        $request->setUri(new \Pecee\Http\Uri('/'));
         return $request;
 	}
 

test/Helpers/TestRouter.php

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class TestRouter extends \Pecee\SimpleRouter\SimpleRouter
 
     public static function debugNoReset($testUri, $testMethod = 'get')
     {
-        static::request()->setUri($testUri);
+        static::request()->setUri(new \Pecee\Http\Uri($testUri));
         static::request()->setMethod($testMethod);
 
         static::start();

test/RouterCallbackExceptionHandlerTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once 'Dummy/DummyMiddleware.php';
+require_once 'Dummy/DummyController.php';
+require_once 'Dummy/Exceptions/ExceptionHandlerException.php';
+require_once 'Helpers/TestRouter.php';
+
+class RouterCallbackExceptionHandlerTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
+{
+
+    public function testCallbackExceptionHandler()
+    {
+        $this->setExpectedException(ExceptionHandlerException::class);
+
+        // Match normal route on alias
+        TestRouter::get('/my-new-url', 'DummyController@method2');
+        TestRouter::get('/my-url', 'DummyController@method1');
+
+        TestRouter::error(function (\Pecee\Http\Request $request, \Exception $exception) {
+            throw new ExceptionHandlerException();
+        });
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/404-url', 'get');
+        TestRouter::router()->reset();
+    }
+
+}

test/RouterPartialGroupTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once 'Dummy/DummyMiddleware.php';
+require_once 'Dummy/DummyController.php';
+require_once 'Dummy/Handler/ExceptionHandler.php';
+require_once 'Helpers/TestRouter.php';
+
+class RouterPartialGroupTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
+{
+
+    public function testParameters()
+    {
+        $result1 = null;
+        $result2 = null;
+
+        TestRouter::partialGroup('{param1}/{param2}', function ($param1 = null, $param2 = null) use (&$result1, &$result2) {
+            $result1 = $param1;
+            $result2 = $param2;
+
+            TestRouter::get('/', 'DummyController@method1');
+        });
+
+        TestRouter::debug('/param1/param2', 'get');
+
+        $this->assertEquals('param1', $result1);
+        $this->assertEquals('param2', $result2);
+    }
+
+}

test/RouterRewriteTest.php

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <?php
+require_once 'Dummy/DummyController.php';
 require_once 'Dummy/Exceptions/ResponseException.php';
 require_once 'Dummy/Handler/ExceptionHandlerFirst.php';
 require_once 'Dummy/Handler/ExceptionHandlerSecond.php';
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class RouteRewriteTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
 
         try {
             TestRouter::debug('/my-non-existing-path', 'get');
-        } catch(\ResponseException $e) {
+        } catch (\ResponseException $e) {
 
         }
 
@@ -57,4 +58,21 @@ class RouteRewriteTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
 
     }
 
+    public function testRewriteExceptionMessage()
+    {
+        $this->setExpectedException(\Pecee\SimpleRouter\Exceptions\NotFoundHttpException::class);
+
+        TestRouter::error(function (\Pecee\Http\Request $request, \Exception $error) {
+
+            if (strtolower($request->getUri()->getPath()) == '/my/test') {
+                $request->setRewriteUrl('/another-non-existing');
+
+                return $request;
+            }
+
+        });
+
+        TestRouter::debug('/my/test', 'get');
+    }
+
 }

test/RouterUrlTest.php

@@ -8,7 +8,74 @@ require_once 'Helpers/TestRouter.php';
 class RouterUrlTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testSimularUrls()
+    public function testIssue253()
+    {
+        TestRouter::get('/', 'DummyController@method1');
+        TestRouter::get('/page/{id?}', 'DummyController@method1');
+        TestRouter::get('/test-output', function() {
+            return 'return value';
+        });
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/page/22', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/page/{id?}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        $output = TestRouter::debugOutput('/test-output', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('return value', $output);
+
+        TestRouter::router()->reset();
+    }
+
+    public function testUnicodeCharacters()
+    {
+        // Test spanish characters
+        TestRouter::get('/cursos/listado/{listado?}/{category?}', 'DummyController@method1', ['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\p{L}\s-]+']);
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/cursos/listado/especialidad/cirugía local', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/cursos/listado/{listado?}/{category?}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        // Test danish characters
+        TestRouter::get('/kategori/økse', 'DummyController@method1', ['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\ø]+']);
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/kategori/økse', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/kategori/økse/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::get('/test/{param}', 'DummyController@method1', ['defaultParameterRegex' => '[\w\p{L}\s-\í]+']);
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/test/Dermatología');
+
+        $parameters = TestRouter::request()->getLoadedRoute()->getParameters();
+
+        $this->assertEquals('Dermatología', $parameters['param']);
+
+        TestRouter::router()->reset();
+    }
+
+    public function testOptionalParameters()
+    {
+        TestRouter::get('/aviso/legal', 'DummyController@method1');
+        TestRouter::get('/aviso/{aviso}', 'DummyController@method1');
+        TestRouter::get('/pagina/{pagina}', 'DummyController@method1');
+        TestRouter::get('/{pagina?}', 'DummyController@method1');
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/aviso/optional', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/aviso/{aviso}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/pagina/optional', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/pagina/{pagina}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/optional', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/{pagina?}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/avisolegal', 'get');
+        $this->assertNotEquals('/aviso/{aviso}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::debugNoReset('/avisolegal', 'get');
+        $this->assertEquals('/{pagina?}/', TestRouter::router()->getRequest()->getLoadedRoute()->getUrl());
+
+        TestRouter::router()->reset();
+    }
+
+    public function testSimilarUrls()
     {
         // Match normal route on alias
         TestRouter::resource('/url11', 'DummyController@method1');